(1)过(Guo)电(Dian)压(Ya)(电(Dian)压(Ya)超(Chao)过(Guo)额(E)定(Ding)电(Dian)压(Ya))。(?)当(Dang)施(Shi)加(Jia)到(Dao)电(Dian)容(Rong)器(Qi)上(Shang)的(De)电(Dian)压(Ya)高(Gao)于(Yu)额(E)定(Ding)工(Gong)作(Zuo)电(Dian)压(Ya)时(Shi)，(?)电(Dian)容(Rong)器(Qi)的(De)泄(Xie)漏(Lou)电(Dian)流(Liu)将(Jiang)上(Shang)升(Sheng)，(?)并(Bing)且(Qie)其(Qi)电(Dian)-氧(Yang)特(Te)性(Xing)将(Jiang)在(Zai)短(Duan)时(Shi)间(Jian)内(Nei)恶(E)化(Hua)，(?)直(Zhi)到(Dao)其(Qi)损(Sun)坏(Huai)。(?)

(2)施(Shi)加(Jia)反(Fan)向(Xiang)电(Dian)压(Ya)或(Huo)交(Jiao)流(Liu)电(Dian)压(Ya)。(?)当(Dang)DC电(Dian)容(Rong)器(Qi)按(An)照(Zhao)相(Xiang)反(Fan)极(Ji)性(Xing)连(Lian)接(Jie)到(Dao)电(Dian)路(Lu)时(Shi)，(?)电(Dian)容(Rong)器(Qi)将(Jiang)导(Dao)致(Zhi)电(Dian)子(Zi)电(Dian)路(Lu)短(Duan)路(Lu)，(?)由(You)此(Ci)产(Chan)生(Sheng)的(De)电(Dian)流(Liu)将(Jiang)导(Dao)致(Zhi)电(Dian)容(Rong)器(Qi)损(Sun)坏(Huai)。(?)如(Ru)果(Guo)有(You)可(Ke)能(Neng)向(Xiang)电(Dian)路(Lu)中(Zhong)的(De)负(Fu)极(Ji)引(Yin)线(Xian)施(Shi)加(Jia)正(Zheng)电(Dian)压(Ya)，(?)则(Ze)选(Xuan)择(Ze)无(Wu)极(Ji)性(Xing)电(Dian)容(Rong)器(Qi)。(?)

(3)用(Yong)于(Yu)反(Fan)复(Fu)多(Duo)次(Ci)快(Kuai)速(Su)充(Chong)放(Fang)电(Dian)的(De)电(Dian)路(Lu)。(?)例(Li)如(Ru)，(?)出(Chu)于(Yu)快(Kuai)速(Su)充(Chong)电(Dian)的(De)目(Mu)的(De)，(?)其(Qi)使(Shi)用(Yong)寿(Shou)命(Ming)可(Ke)能(Neng)会(Hui)因(Yin)容(Rong)量(Liang)减(Jian)少(Shao)和(He)温(Wen)度(Du)急(Ji)剧(Ju)上(Shang)升(Sheng)而(?)缩(Suo)短(Duan)。(?)

(4)高(Gao)温(Wen)(超(Chao)过(Guo)最(Zui)高(Gao)使(Shi)用(Yong)温(Wen)度(Du)的(De)温(Wen)度(Du))

(5)过(Guo)电(Dian)流(Liu)(电(Dian)流(Liu)超(Chao)过(Guo)额(E)定(Ding)纹(Wen)波(Bo)电(Dian)流(Liu))。(?)当(Dang)纹(Wen)波(Bo)电(Dian)流(Liu)超(Chao)过(Guo)额(E)定(Ding)值(Zhi)时(Shi)，(?)陶(Tao)瓷(Ci)电(Dian)容(Rong)器(Qi)本(Ben)体(Ti)会(Hui)过(Guo)热(Re)，(?)容(Rong)量(Liang)会(Hui)降(Jiang)低(Di)，(?)使(Shi)用(Yong)寿(Shou)命(Ming)会(Hui)缩(Suo)短(Duan)